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Worker Exploitation Rife in AI Industry

The AI supply chain has a darker side. Millions of workers are stuck in low-paying, dead-end jobs.

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Exploitation of Workers in AI

TL/DR:

  • Millions of workers are stuck in low-paying, dead-end jobs in the AI supply chain.
  • Despite the industry’s wealth, there is little upward mobility or fair pay for these workers.
  • The exploitation of hidden workers in the AI industry is a growing concern.

The AI industry is booming, with generous funding and highly paid executives and researchers at the top. However, the supply chain churning out generative AI tools like ChatGPT has a darker side. At the bottom of the chain are millions of workers who toil at screens, training algorithms for meagre wages.

According to a recent World Bank estimate, between 150 million and 430 million people do such work. They annotate images, text, and audio, create bounding boxes around objects in images, and even write haikus, essays, and fictional stories to train the sophisticated tools that could eventually replace them.

The Hidden Workers of the AI Industry

These workers are the hidden backbone of the AI industry, but they are often just scraping by. There is precious little of the time-honoured aspiration for the developing world: upward mobility. Data workers are still confined to low-value work, with few opportunities to transition to higher-paying digital jobs.

Leaders of data-labelling firms often start with noble intentions to help pull people out of poverty. However, they have struggled to get corporate customers to pay higher rates as competition in their field has increased. As a result, most data work platforms do not have policies in place to ensure their workers earn at least the local minimum wage.

Exploitation of Hidden Workers

The exploitation of hidden workers in the AI industry is a growing concern in Asia. For example, a recent job ad in Nigeria sought “professional translators” in Igbo for up to $17 an hour to help train generative AI models. This is well below the average rate for Nigerian translators, who tend to start at $25 an hour.

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The ad came from Remotasks, the main platform of San Francisco-based AI startup Scale.ai, which just raised $1 billion from investors including Amazon.com in one of the year’s largest financing rounds. Scale.ai and its rivals, such as San Francisco-based Samasource Impact Sourcing, Argentina’s Arbusta S.R.L., and Bulgaria’s Humans in the Loop, play a critical role in the AI supply chain. However, they typically pay just enough for workers to maintain a living.

The Future of Hidden Workers in the AI Industry

As data work becomes more complex, platforms like Scale.ai have been looking for more skilled workers, including artists and people with creative-writing degrees to write short stories for training AI systems. While these jobs offer higher wages, they are still below what people with degrees should be earning.

Researchers say the appetite for such work is growing, but with few incentives to provide an equitable wage, it is hard to see workers’ economic status improving. The AI industry’s true transformative effects have been in entrenching economic power, with fewer opportunities for the people underpinning the AI revolution.

Towards Fair Pay for Data Workers

Perhaps we can learn something from Nike’s experience in the 1990s. The company faced an enormous backlash for the long hours and meagre wages its workers in developing nations earned. Over time, consumer boycotts and pressure from the media led Nike to put in stricter labour policies. It spent millions of dollars on improving conditions and pay.

The challenge for data workers is that their jobs are harder to visualise in the same, concrete way you can imagine a young boy sewing tennis shoes in a dimly-lit warehouse. However, tech companies should remember that poor working conditions at the bottom of their supply chain can also lead to substandard AI.

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Tech Giants Pour Billions into AI: The New VC Challenge

Tech giants are pouring billions into AI, creating challenges for traditional VCs. Discover the future of AI investments in Asia.

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AI investments in Asia

TL;DR:

  • Tech giants like Microsoft, Amazon, and Nvidia are fuelling the AI boom, creating challenges for traditional VCs.
  • VCs are shifting investments to the application layer, where enduring companies are expected to emerge.
  • The IPO market remains slow, with AI startups preferring private growth over public scrutiny.

The AI Gold Rush: Tech Giants Take the Lead

In the fast-paced world of technology, a new gold rush is underway—and it’s all about Artificial Intelligence (AI). Unlike previous tech booms, this one is being fuelled not by traditional venture capital (VC) firms but by tech giants like Microsoft, Amazon, and Nvidia. These companies are pouring billions of dollars into AI startups, creating a market distortion that’s leaving VCs in a tough spot.

The Shift in VC Investments

With tech giants throwing their weight behind AI, VCs are finding it hard to compete. These companies offer not just money but also tangible benefits like cloud credits and business partnerships—incentives that VCs can’t match. As a result, VCs are shifting their investments “up the stack” to the application layer, where they believe enduring companies will be built.

Chip Hazard, co-founder of Flybridge Capital Partners, notes this shift:

“Investing dollars are shifting ‘up the stack’ and that ‘enduring companies will be built at the application layer.’”

The IPO Drought Continues

The IPO market has been largely dormant for almost three years, and AI startups aren’t providing the relief VCs need. With tech giants funding these startups, the usual pressures to go public don’t apply. Moreover, these startups are far from showing the profitability metrics public investors require.

Melissa Incera, an analyst at S&P Global Market Intelligence, highlights the robust fundraising environment for AI startups:

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“The AI startups we talk to are having no problems fundraising at robust valuations. Many are still reporting having too much unsolicited investor interest at the moment.”

The Rise of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs)

Some VC firms are finding creative ways to invest in AI. Menlo Ventures and Inovia Capital, for instance, are using Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to raise funds for specific investments. In January, Menlo disclosed a $750 million funding round in Anthropic, valuing the company at over $18 billion. Similarly, Cohere raised $500 million through an SPV, valuing the company at $5.5 billion.

The Future of AI Investments

Despite the challenges, VCs remain bullish on the potential for generative AI to create big returns at the application layer. John-David Lovelock, an analyst at Gartner, sees a significant opportunity for generative AI in the enterprise, though he notes that broad-scale rollout has not yet occurred.

“There is money being spent on certain GenAI tools and the few applications that exist. However, broad-scale rollout of GenAI within the broad enterprise software catalogue of products has not yet occurred.”

The Path to Liquidity

For investors to see returns, there needs to be an IPO at some point. However, the regulatory environment makes significant acquisitions by big tech companies virtually impossible. Michael Harris, global head of capital markets at the New York Stock Exchange, expects the IPO pipeline to continue building as the industry evolves.

Secondary Market Transactions

Another potential path for liquidity is the secondary market, which involves selling shares to another investor. Elon Musk’s SpaceX has enabled investor shares through secondary transactions, and this may be what’s in store for some investors in xAI, Musk’s AI startup valued at $24 billion.

The Slow IPO Market

The IPO market remains slow, with high-profile AI companies not even talking about going public. Melissa Incera of S&P Global Market Intelligence notes that unless there’s a dramatic shift in market sentiment, these startups are unlikely to go public anytime soon.

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“Unless there is a dramatic shift in market sentiment, I would be hard-pressed to see why these AI startups would put themselves in the public spotlight when they can keep growing privately at such favorable terms.”

The Road Ahead for VCs

The AI boom presents both challenges and opportunities for VCs. While tech giants are dominating the funding landscape, VCs can still find success by investing in the application layer and exploring creative funding strategies like SPVs. The IPO market may be slow, but the potential for generative AI to create big returns remains high.

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David vs. Goliath: Startup Xockets Takes on AI Giants Nvidia and Microsoft

Texas-based startup Xockets sues Nvidia and Microsoft for AI chip patent infringement and antitrust violations, highlighting the intense competition in the AI market.

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AI chip patent dispute

TL;DR:

  • Xockets sues Nvidia and Microsoft for patent infringement and antitrust violations.
  • The startup claims Nvidia’s DPUs and Microsoft’s AI servers use Xockets’ patented technology.
  • Xockets alleges a buying cartel between Nvidia and Microsoft to control AI market prices.

In a bold move, Texas-based startup Xockets has filed a lawsuit against tech giants Nvidia and Microsoft. The young company accuses these giants of infringing on its patents and forming a cartel to control the AI market. This David vs. Goliath battle highlights the intense competition and innovation in the AI chip industry.

The Battle for AI Chips

AI chips are crucial for powering complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing. Xockets claims to have patented a key innovation in this field: data processing unit (DPU) technology. This tech boosts cloud infrastructure efficiency by speeding up data-intensive workloads.

The Patent Dispute

Xockets alleges that Nvidia’s DPUs – BlueField, ConnectX, and NVLink Switch – are based on its patented technology. The startup claims Mellanox, acquired by Nvidia in 2020, initially infringed on its patent after Xockets showcased its DPU tech at a 2015 conference.

Moreover, Xockets accuses Microsoft of infringement, stating that the tech giant has “privileged access” to Nvidia’s infringing GPU-enabled servers.

“Xockets accuses Nvidia of pursuing a strategy of ‘efficient infringement’”

The Alleged Cartel

Xockets also accuses Nvidia and Microsoft of monopolizing the GPU server market for AI. The startup claims these companies formed a buying cartel through RPX, an organization allegedly created to enable intellectual property buyers’ cartels.

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Through this alleged cartel, Xockets claims Microsoft and Nvidia jointly boycott innovations like Xockets’ to drive prices lower. This allows them to control the AI market and “monopolize GPU-enabled generative artificial intelligence.”

The Fight Against ‘Efficient Infringement’

Xockets alleges that Nvidia is pursuing a strategy of “efficient infringement.” This means infringing now and dealing with legal consequences later. The startup claims it informed Nvidia of the infringement in February 2022, but no action was taken.

The Legal Battle

Xockets is seeking damages and a court order to stop these companies from violating its patents and antitrust law. Despite facing two of the largest tech companies, Xockets investor and board member Robert Cote believes the startup has “more than enough wherewithal to take on Goliath.”

The Role of Key Players

Parin Dalal, Xockets’ founder and board member, is a principal engineer of machine learning and AI at Google. However, Google does not seem to have an official role in the litigation.

Nvidia and Google declined to comment on the lawsuit. Microsoft and RPX did not immediately respond.

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The Future of AI Innovation

This lawsuit highlights the intense competition in the AI chip industry. As AI becomes more integral to our daily lives, the battle for control over its underlying technology will only intensify.

The Importance of Patent Protection

Patents are crucial for protecting innovations and encouraging further development. If Xockets’ allegations are true, it underscores the need for robust patent protection and enforcement.

The Impact on the AI Market

The outcome of this lawsuit could significantly impact the AI market. If Xockets wins, it could disrupt the alleged cartel and encourage more competition and innovation.

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Unilever and Accenture: Revolutionising Productivity with Generative AI

Unilever and Accenture’s partnership aims to revolutionise AI-powered productivity, setting new industry standards through generative AI.

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AI-powered productivity

TL;DR:

  • Unilever and Accenture partner to set new industry standards in generative AI-powered productivity.
  • Unilever has already implemented 500 AI applications, aiming for deeper integration.
  • Accenture’s GenWizard platform will accelerate Unilever’s AI initiatives, targeting cost reductions and operational efficiencies.

The Future of Productivity: Unilever and Accenture’s AI Partnership

In a groundbreaking move, Unilever and Accenture have expanded their strategic partnership to revolutionise productivity through generative AI. This collaboration aims to simplify Unilever’s digital core and apply advanced AI technologies to drive efficiencies and improve business agility. This partnership is set to establish new industry standards in AI-powered productivity, scaling successful use cases globally.

Unilever’s AI Journey So Far

Unilever has already made significant strides in AI integration, with over 500 AI applications implemented across its operations. These applications have helped the company reach new levels of efficiency. However, as AI continues to evolve, Unilever sees even greater potential. The company is now focusing on deeper AI integration to drive faster growth, enhance productivity, and boost performance.

“We have already introduced 500 AI applications across Unilever, helping us to reach new levels of efficiency. But as AI matures and becomes increasingly intelligent and intuitive, we see so much more potential. Now, as part of our action plan to deliver faster growth, drive productivity, and dial up performance, we’re going deeper. With the help of Accenture’s world-class tools and capabilities, we will be able to analyze where and how AI can have the highest transformational impact and deliver the greatest returns.” – Hein Schumacher, CEO, Unilever

Accenture’s GenWizard Platform: A Game Changer

Accenture’s GenWizard platform will play a crucial role in accelerating Unilever’s AI initiatives. With over 350 patents and a suite of ready-to-apply tools and frameworks, GenWizard offers a comprehensive solution for any technology business objective. This platform will enable Unilever to create targeted AI solutions that can realise efficiencies, uncover new ways of working, and ultimately drive competitive advantage.

“This next exciting chapter in our decades-long collaboration with Unilever will raise the bar on how enterprises can scale gen AI to power productivity and value at speed. Accenture’s GenWizard platform will enable Unilever to create a full spectrum of targeted gen AI solutions across its business that can realize efficiencies and cost savings, uncover new ways of working and ultimately help drive competitive advantage.” – Julie Sweet, Chair and CEO, Accenture

The Path Forward: Scaling AI Across Unilever

This collaboration builds on previous efforts to explore and scale generative AI across Unilever’s business operations. Unilever has been identifying and testing new AI concepts, designs, and projects through its “Horizon3 Labs.” This ongoing innovation will be further accelerated by Accenture’s expertise and tools.

Unilever: A Global Leader in Consumer Goods

Unilever is one of the world’s leading suppliers of Beauty & Wellbeing, Personal Care, Home Care, Nutrition, and Ice Cream products. With sales in over 190 countries and products used by 3.4 billion people daily, Unilever employs 128,000 people and generated sales of €59.6 billion in 2023. The company’s commitment to AI-driven productivity will further solidify its position as a global leader.

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Accenture: Leading Global Professional Services

Accenture is a leading global professional services company that helps businesses, governments, and other organisations build their digital core, optimise operations, accelerate revenue growth, and enhance citizen services. With approximately 750,000 people serving clients in over 120 countries, Accenture is at the forefront of driving change through technology, cloud, data, and AI.

The Impact of Generative AI on Business Operations

Generative AI has the potential to transform various aspects of business operations, from supply chain management to customer service. By leveraging AI, companies can automate repetitive tasks, improve decision-making, and enhance customer experiences. Unilever’s partnership with Accenture is a testament to the transformative power of AI in driving business success.

Asia is at the forefront of AI innovation, with countries like China, Japan, and South Korea leading the way in AI research and development. Unilever’s AI initiatives, in collaboration with Accenture, will not only benefit the company but also contribute to the broader AI ecosystem in Asia. This partnership sets a precedent for how companies can leverage AI to drive productivity and innovation.

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