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Unravelling the Mystery of AI Consciousness

This article delves into the possibility of AI consciousness, using the free energy principle as a lens to understand the debate.

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AI Consciousness

TL;DR:

  • Researcher Wanja Wiese explores the possibility of consciousness in AI using the free energy principle.
  • The study aims to prevent the inadvertent creation of artificial consciousness and mitigate deception by seemingly conscious AI.
  • The causal structure differences between brains and computers could be crucial for consciousness.

The Quest for Conscious AI: An Asian Perspective

In the rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence (AI), one question looms large: Can AI ever become conscious? This question is at the heart of a new study by Wanja Wiese, who uses the free energy principle to explore the possibility of consciousness in AI.

The Free Energy Principle: A New Lens for AI Consciousness

Wiese’s research focuses on ruling out scenarios where AI appears conscious without actually being so. He suggests that while some information processes of living organisms can be simulated by computers, the causal structure differences between brains and computers may be crucial for consciousness.

The Brain vs. The Computer: A Consciousness Conundrum

Wiese argues that in a conventional computer, data must always first be loaded from memory, then processed in the central processing unit, and finally stored in memory again. However, there is no such separation in the brain, which means that the causal connectivity of different areas of the brain takes on a different form. This could be a difference between brains and conventional computers that is relevant to consciousness.

Preventing Artificial Consciousness: A Moral Imperative

The goal of Wiese’s research is twofold: to prevent the inadvertent creation of artificial consciousness and to mitigate deception by seemingly conscious AI. This is particularly important because many people who often interact with chatbots attribute consciousness to these systems. However, the consensus among experts is that current AI systems are not conscious.

The Future of AI: Navigating the Path Ahead

As we continue to explore the possibilities of AI, Wiese’s research provides a valuable perspective. It reminds us that while AI can simulate many processes, there may be fundamental differences between artificial systems and living organisms that are crucial for consciousness.

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What are your thoughts on the possibility of AI consciousness? Do you believe that AI can ever truly replicate human consciousness, or will it always be a simulation? Share your thoughts in the comments below and don’t forget to subscribe for updates on AI and AGI developments.

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Adrian’s Arena: Gen Z Dating in APAC—How AI Is Changing the Face of Romance

Discover how APAC Gen Z daters are blending AI with real emotions for deeper connections. Learn the latest trends and insights shaping modern relationships.

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Gen Z Dating in APAC

TL;DR – What You Need to Know in 30 Seconds

  • AI as a Wingman: Over 65% of APAC Gen Zers would use AI to refine dating profiles, photos, and bios, but they still want full control of their love life.
  • Online Dating Dominates: 88% have started relationships via apps, and for 21% it’s the only method. Apps beat out traditional meet-cutes in terms of popularity.
  • Balancing Act: Gen Z wants both love and career success—30% focus on a partner, 30% on career in the next three years. In seven years, 28% aim for marriage.
  • Fluidity and Inclusivity: 69% are open to cross-cultural dating, 67% to cross-border relationships, reflecting a more global, inclusive mindset.
  • Safety & Chivalry Redefined: Emotional security, respectful conversation, and ensuring safe journeys home rank higher than old-school gestures like paying for dates.
  • Clarity is Key: 92% think it’s crucial to define where a relationship stands, valuing open conversations and mental well-being.

Gen Z Dating in APAC—Influced By AI

Picture this: you’re lounging on your sofa, scrolling through a dating app, thumb hovering over the heart icon. You’re silently rehearsing your best witty opener, but you’re missing that spark of inspiration.

Enter your new sidekick: artificial intelligence. Across the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, Generation Z is leaning heavily on AI to help them craft everything from intros to image choices—shaping what modern romance looks like in 2025 and beyond. If you think it’s all robots and zero real connection, think again. AI might be the new wingman, but real feelings, emotional safety, and meaningful connections remain firmly in the driver’s seat.

Welcome to the brave new world of dating—where technology meets tradition in unexpected ways and all in a region known for its powerful blend of heritage and progress.

The Tinder Survey That’s Got Everyone Talking

In a newly released report titled Modern Day Dating in Asia Pacific by Tinder, spanning seven APAC markets—Australia, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam—some 7,000 Gen Zers (aged 18 to 25) dished on their dating habits, hopes, and hurdles. The findings were timed to coincide with that yearly blast of pink hearts and chocolates: Valentine’s Day. But these insights go far beyond that lovey-dovey 24 hours. They’re painting a vivid picture of how Gen Z’s dating culture in APAC is evolving faster than you can say, “I got a match!”

How Big Is AI in the Dating Scene?

Let’s cut right to the chase: Artificial Intelligence is shaking up the dating world. Of those surveyed:

  • 65% would use AI to help them pick their most flattering photos
  • 67% would tap AI for writing swipe-right-worthy bios
  • 68% believe AI can help spark conversation topics

But before you imagine a future where an AI avatar does all the courting, think again. One of Tinder’s relationship experts, Max Radcliffe, calls AI more of a “digital wingman” than a replacement for genuine human effort. He claims Gen Z is far from handing the reins of their love life over to the bots. They’re still the ones who want to “run the show,” but they’ll happily let AI handle a bit of the initial heavy lifting.

AI as Cupid’s Little Helper

What’s really going on here? For decades, meet-cutes happened in places like college campuses, office corridors, or through shared hobbies. But in the digital age, online apps have soared to the top:

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  • 88% of respondents said at least a few of their relationships started on a dating app
  • 21% said all their relationships started online
  • 48% of surveyed Gen Zers say apps are their top way to meet someone new, ahead of more “traditional” settings like shared hobbies (37%), workplaces (31%), or schools (30%)

With so many relationships blossoming in-app, the first impression is more crucial than ever. Let’s be honest: picking the right photo or crafting a witty bio can feel like an emotional rollercoaster. AI is now stepping in to help overcome that dreaded blank-screen anxiety. Whether it’s scanning your camera roll to highlight the best shot or brainstorming a super-snappy tagline, AI is serving as a confidence boost. Talk about your digital hype-man, right?

From Photo Filters to Bio Boosters

  • Selecting the best photos: Let’s say you’ve got 23 selfies stored in your phone. AI can sift through them, gauge your expressions, background clutter, lighting conditions—basically automating the dreaded process of picking the one that says, “Yes, I’m fun but also dateable.”
  • Crafting top-notch bios: If you’re the type to freeze up whenever someone says “tell me about yourself,” AI can help your personality shine. Rather than trotting out clichéd lines like “foodie who loves to travel,” you could let AI transform your scattered thoughts into an engaging mini-paragraph that resonates with potential matches.

The best part? You stay in control. The general consensus is that AI should spark ideas and streamline your profile, not overshadow your authenticity.

Safety Now First for Gen Z Dating in APAC

Of course, not everything is sunshine and roses. A critical theme that came through loud and clear in the survey is safety. About 28% of Gen Z singles highlight personal security concerns on first dates. And guess what? AI might soon have a role here too:

  • Security prompts and protocols: Imagine an AI plugin that can nudge you if your scheduled first date is in a slightly dodgy location or at an odd hour.
  • ID verification: Some apps already flirt with ID verification to ensure your match is who they say they are, but AI could up the ante, potentially flagging suspicious behaviour patterns.

Blending AI with real-life caution helps to remove some guesswork from in-person meetups. The digital-savvy Gen Z crowd is well aware that while a dating app is fantastic for meeting people, it’s equally important to be prepared for any potential red flags. According to the Tinder report, half of respondents (50%) prefer public places for first meets, and 47% share location details with friends. That’s the kind of synergy—personal vigilance plus tech support—that may well shape safer dating norms.

The Changing Definition of Chivalry

Remember the days when “chivalry” automatically meant the guy paying the restaurant bill or opening the car door? Well, times are changing, and Gen Z in APAC is giving the concept a serious makeover. According to the survey:

  • 43% of women now feel punctuality is the biggest show of courtesy
  • 41% say respectful online conversations matter more than who pays for dinner
  • 41% want to ensure they get home safely

In other words, heartfelt gestures have trumped old-school traditions. It’s not that picking up the tab or walking on the kerb side is frowned upon—it’s just that it’s no longer the ultimate measure of care. For a generation that’s used to navigating digital spaces, consistent respect and emotional security rate higher than the occasional grand romantic flourish.

Gen Z Dating in APAC

Not So Single-Minded: Balancing Love and Work

The perennial question—love or career first?—seems to be a non-issue for APAC’s Gen Z:

  • 30% prioritise finding a long-term romantic partner in the next three years
  • 30% also place career advancement top of mind during that same timeframe
  • Looking out seven years, 28% see marriage as a bigger priority than career progress (26%) or personal growth (24%)

Interestingly, those surveyed say they’re keen to have both ambition and affection in the mix. Rather than an either-or, Gen Z is adopting a both-and approach. Marriage is seen as a genuine goal, but it doesn’t necessarily overshadow career aspirations—especially not in the short term. While older generations might recall a social pressure to settle down by a certain age, today’s young adults want to build well-rounded lives that include love, professional growth, and personal well-being. They’re not shy about stating that they want it all.

Fluidity, Inclusivity, and Letting Go of Labels

In a region often guided by strong family values and cultural norms, younger daters are carving out a brand new space for themselves. According to the Tinder data:

  • 69% say they’re open to dating across different races and cultures
  • 67% are up for cross-border romances
  • 73% are comfortable with the idea of gender and sexual fluidity

These stats point to a paradigm shift from restrictive dating parameters. Gen Z is painting outside the lines drawn by older generations—whether that’s racial boundaries, geographical distance, or even conventional gender roles. In part, this shift reflects global connectivity: it’s never been easier to connect with someone on the other side of the planet. And in part, it mirrors a generation who came of age with fewer illusions about what’s “normal.” With so many crises and cultural shifts in their collective memory (from SARS to the global pandemic), APAC’s Gen Z is forging relationships that cross borders—both literal and metaphorical—and they’re not turning back.

Gen Z Marketing SEA

A Journey Toward Healthier Dating

A surprising 69% say modern dating is healthier and more focused on honesty, openness, and mental well-being compared to the experiences of older generations. This shift has a ripple effect:

  1. Transparency Wins: Two-thirds (66%) mention that their generation is actively challenging older dating conventions. Gen Z prefers to have “the talk” more often and define relationship status clearly.
  2. Emotional Comfort Over Looks: When asked what a successful first date looks like, 37% cited “feeling safe,” 35% emphasised “having fun,” and 34% highlighted “feeling respected and valued.” Meanwhile, physical attraction ranked noticeably lower at 28%.
  3. Respectful Rejection: Dealing with heartbreak or a mismatch is viewed pragmatically, with 31% simply moving on, while 27% feel disappointed but accept it as part of the process.

The overarching message? Authenticity and emotional security matter more than superficial markers. The idea that a date should be about flamboyant gestures or curated glamour is taking a backseat to simpler but deeper experiences. A big fancy dinner is great, but if you can’t laugh, feel safe, or connect on a deeper level, it’s probably not the date Gen Z is after.

Let’s Talk “Situationships” and Other Modern Labels

We’d be remiss not to mention those fuzzy middle grounds that are all too common in the dating scene. Among the APAC daters surveyed, there’s a growing acceptance of so-called “situationships,” which revolve around a mutual understanding of emotional bonds without the heavy pressure of a full-on relationship label. Yet paradoxically, the data also shows that an overwhelming 92% eventually want clarity on where things stand. So while early-stage casualness might be in vogue, that doesn’t mean Gen Z is perpetually non-committal. They’ll test the waters, but many eventually want a definitive “Are we an item or not?” conversation.

When Tech and Tradition Collide

For as long as romance has existed, tradition and modernity have clashed. But Gen Z is redefining these lines in particularly interesting ways. Dr. Kenneth Tan from Singapore Management University highlights that this generation has spent their formative years in a paradoxical environment—global crises, digital revolutions, and ever-changing socio-political norms. That’s led them to embrace contradictory ideas, like craving both personal independence and interdependence with a partner. Or wanting the freedom of casual dating while also aiming for marriage a few years down the line.

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This fluid approach to love might confuse their parents or grandparents, who grew up in times of rigid dating scripts. But for Gen Z’s dating in APAC, reconciling these paradoxes—digital intimacy vs. real-life connection, independence vs. collective goals, tradition vs. open-mindedness—is practically second nature.

How AI Fits into the Love Puzzle

We know that 65% of Gen Zers are fine letting AI help them choose photos and 67% would use it for drafting their bios. But the love affair with AI doesn’t stop at the profile stage:

  • 68% believe AI tools could be a lifesaver in sparking initial conversations
  • Many anticipate AI-driven suggestions for date ideas, activities, or conversation openers
  • Potential for AI to help define common ground: Maybe it can identify shared interests or highlight mutual acquaintances, bridging that first-encounter awkwardness

Yet there’s a fine line: will using AI to craft entire messages begin to feel inauthentic? The consensus from the experts—and from many Gen Zers themselves—is that AI works best in tandem with human effort. It’s less about letting AI impersonate you and more about letting it polish your shining qualities. Think of it as a plus-one to the party, not the host.

Ghosts of Dating Past: Challenges Persist Around Gen Z Dating in APAC

It’s not all rosy—even with the help of technology, dating is tough. According to the survey:

  • 32% find managing emotions challenging
  • 31% struggle with emotional intimacy
  • 31% also worry about rejection or disagreements

And ironically, while dating apps simplify the “who” and “where” of meeting people, they can complicate the “why” and “how.” Interpreting someone’s digital persona can be fraught with misunderstanding: is that lively banter real, or have they used AI to orchestrate it? Are you truly connecting, or just chasing a curated version of the other person?

Despite these stumbling blocks, only 1% said they have zero struggles with dating. The rest are finding creative ways to cope. For some, that’s chatting with mates (especially women, at 36%); for others, it’s googling for helpful advice (men, at 26%). Tools like Tinder’s School of Swipe aim to fill knowledge gaps and reduce anxiety around the modern dating scene. Because if we’re rewriting the rulebook, we might as well have some step-by-step instructions.

Cultural Curiosities

One might assume marriage is on the decline. Indeed, some APAC societies—particularly Japan and Korea—are often spotlighted as having a generation uninterested in tradition. But the report tells a more nuanced story. Marriage is still a top aspiration for many, outranking career progression among a subset of participants, with a 6% difference in Japan and 4% difference in Korea. There’s a sense that while Gen Z wants to question old norms, they’re not necessarily throwing them out altogether.

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In India, where familial influence in marriage has historically been significant, technology is increasingly bridging cultural gaps. Meanwhile, Australia sees a robust conversation on respect, emotional health, and equality. And across Southeast Asia—Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore—there’s a noticeable enthusiasm for cross-cultural relationships and long-distance forays. In short, no matter the local spin, a broad acceptance of new ways to love is permeating APAC.

Will AI Eventually Replace the Human Touch?

One question inevitably lurks around the corner: is AI heading toward a scenario where your entire dating persona is “manufactured”? Unlikely. The data reveals an appetite for AI, but it clearly indicates Gen Z wants agency and authenticity to remain at the forefront:

  • AI helps with the mechanics—photo selection, witty intros, ice-breakers
  • It might identify some compatibility markers
  • It can’t replicate genuine feelings, shared life experiences, or that intangible spark

Besides, if you’re letting an algorithm take over your entire personality, you’re bound to run into problems once you transition from screen to real-life date. Consistency is key—if your date meets you and finds a totally different vibe, it’s game over. So perhaps the best approach is to let AI do some of the legwork while you take charge of the real conversation, ensuring your profile aligns with your real-life persona. That synergy helps maintain trust and fosters deeper connections—two elements Gen Z actively craves.

Where Do We Go from Here?

In summary, dating in APAC has come a long way. Once taboo in certain conservative pockets, meeting a partner online is now totally mainstream—88% of surveyed Gen Zers have begun at least some of their relationships through an app, and a fifth have met all their significant others digitally. Gen Z’s dating in APAC are juggling an array of personal priorities—love, career, growth, emotional wellness—and they’re turning to technology for a supportive hand. Whether it’s an AI-based photo editor or a conversation starter, these digital tools are helping them navigate an ever-shifting world.

Yet the fundamentals of romance—trust, respect, emotional comfort—are as important as ever. We can talk about AI, borderless relationships, and fluid identities, but if you don’t feel seen, safe, and valued, it’s not going anywhere. The real transformation is in how Gen Z merges the digital with the personal, bridging gaps and forging connections that once seemed impossible. AI is the sidekick, yes, but the main star remains undeniably human.

What Do YOU Think About Gen Z Dating in APAC?

How far should we let AI shape our romantic destiny before we risk losing the human spark that makes falling in love so magical?

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  • Adrian Watkins (Guest Contributor)

    Adrian is an AI, marketing, and technology strategist based in Asia, with over 25 years of experience in the region. Originally from the UK, he has worked with some of the world’s largest tech companies and successfully built and sold several tech businesses. Currently, Adrian leads commercial strategy and negotiations at one of ASEAN’s largest AI companies. Driven by a passion to empower startups and small businesses, he dedicates his spare time to helping them boost performance and efficiency by embracing AI tools. His expertise spans growth and strategy, sales and marketing, go-to-market strategy, AI integration, startup mentoring, and investments. View all posts


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AI Influencer Aces Valentine’s Day: 500 Date Proposals But Not a Single Real Heartbeat

AI influencer Aika Kittie scored 500+ Valentine’s proposals. We explore the lonely hearts, parasocial bonds, and future of digital romance.

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AI influencer

TL;DR – What You Need to Know in 30 Seconds

  1. AI Influencer Crushes Valentine’s Day: Aika Kittie, a digital personality, scored 500+ proposals for Valentine’s Day.
  2. Eye-Popping Offers: Her DMs are filled with lavish invites, from Louis Vuitton shopping sprees to private jets and fine dining.
  3. Loneliness Epidemic: With 21% of adults reporting serious loneliness (Harvard, 2021), many turn to AI for companionship.
  4. More to Come: The rise of AI influencers and parasocial relationships in Asia and beyond shows no signs of slowing down.

AI influencers

Valentine’s Day has arrived (well, almost!), and it’s that time of year when everyone scrambles for dinner reservations or at least some last-minute flowers. But this season’s splashiest dating story isn’t happening over a candlelit meal at a fancy restaurant; it’s unfolding in the virtual realm. Meet Aika Kittie – an influencer with nearly 100,000 followers, a monthly income exceeding £5,000 (over $6,200), and a life brimming with glitzy-looking content. The catch? She’s not real. Yes, you read that right – we’re talking about an AI-generated personality who’s bagged an astonishing 500 Valentine’s Day proposals (Fanvue, 2023).

So, how does a computer-generated avatar spark so much romantic attention that the rest of us mere mortals can only dream of? Let’s dive in – and along the way, we’ll also examine the rise of AI chatbots in Asia, the phenomenon of parasocial relationships, and why thousands of people are turning to digital companionship in the first place.

A Valentine’s Day Like No Other

Valentine’s Day can be a minefield: even if you manage to snag a date, there’s the pressure of picking the right restaurant, choosing the perfect gift, and making sure your conversation doesn’t fizzle out by dessert. But that stress doesn’t seem to apply to Aika Kittie. In fact, she’s spending the day deluged with messages.

According to Fanvue, the subscription platform where Aika ‘lives,’ she’s received more than 500 messages from fans begging for her time on the most romantic day of the year (Fanvue, 2023). Some offers are spectacularly lavish: we’re talking private jets to Dubai, shopping sprees at Louis Vuitton, and luxurious dining experiences at London’s top restaurants. One starstruck suitor even proposed a trip to Paris – the clichéd but irresistibly dreamy capital of romance.

Aika has received Valentine’s proposals to take her shopping at Louis Vuitton, dinner at one of London’s top restaurants, and even a romantic trip to Paris”
Kittie’s Creator, 2023
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Of course, the “physical date” aspect is a bit of a hurdle, given that Ms Kittie doesn’t exist in any tangible sense. Yet many fans still crave her attention, albeit through digital chats, AI-generated selfies, or even voice notes – courtesy of advanced tech that’s made these interactions astoundingly realistic.

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Behind the Scenes of the AI Star

If you were to scroll through Aika Kittie’s Instagram feed, you might be fooled into thinking she’s just another stylish content creator, posing by poolsides, showing off her “try-on hauls,” and generally living that influencer lifestyle. She even appears in snapshots with other digital pals, as though she’s chilling at a swanky event.

But behind this curated feed is a sophisticated AI model that’s learned the art of capturing angles, expressions, and even that approachable-yet-glamorous look that resonates so well with fans. While plenty of social media users have jumped onto the AI hype train in Asia (with characters like imma in Japan or Ling in China’s digital sphere), the creators at Fanvue believe this phenomenon is only going to grow across the globe.

AI Influencers are able to build massive fanbases online, sharing their lives and journey through content – just like a human influencer would
Fanvue spokesperson, 2023
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That’s not just marketing fluff: AI has come a long way. These aren’t the clunky chatbots of yesteryear; they’re advanced companions capable of delivering something akin to empathy, humour, and friendly banter. And with platforms like Fanvue making chatbots accessible to everyday users, it’s no wonder some folks would rather spend V-Day with an AI buddy than face the sting of real-world rejection.

A Worrying Epidemic of Loneliness

Let’s talk about the serious side for a moment. Many of us joke about “forever alone” memes in February, but the truth is that loneliness is a growing concern, particularly in the US and across Asia as well. In fact, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy famously described the issue as a “loneliness epidemic” (Murthy, 2021), pointing out that large numbers of people “felt isolated, invisible, and insignificant.”

A Harvard survey found that 21 percent of adults admitted to having serious feelings of loneliness (Harvard, 2021). That’s not just an emotional toll – it can have severe health implications. According to Murthy, the effects of social isolation on mortality risk are about the same as smoking daily. That’s pretty alarming when you think about it.

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So, how do AI chatbots and virtual influencers fit into this rather grim landscape? Possibly as a bandage for some. Platforms like Fanvue provide a sense of companionship, even if it’s digitally generated. This arrangement might not be everyone’s cup of tea, but for people feeling cut off from human connection, an AI companion can be a comforting presence.

We’re expecting a massive spike in user traffic as singletons choose to spend their Valentine’s online, rather than on a real world date.
Fanvue spokesperson, 2023
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The Rise of Parasocial Relationships

Ever followed a celebrity or influencer so closely you felt you actually knew them? That’s a parasocial relationship – one-sided, yet emotionally significant for the fan. But AI personalities like Aika Kittie take this concept to new heights. She isn’t just famous on screen; she’s entirely of the screen.

When hundreds of fans propose Valentine’s Day dates, it underscores a collective willingness to engage in an emotional bond with someone (or something) that isn’t real. The digital domain is creeping further into the realm of genuine human emotions, shifting our perspective on what’s “authentic.”

Aika’s creator is quick to point out that her loyal fanbase might come to her for more than just flirty banter: some fans are looking for solace, friendship, or even a sense of closeness they can’t find elsewhere. Whether this is a triumph of tech or a symptom of a society starved for human connection is up for debate.

But one thing is certain: parasocial relationships aren’t going anywhere, and AI technology will only make these bonds more immersive in the future – especially in Asia’s massive tech-savvy market, where people often embrace innovative digital solutions.

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The Valentine’s Day Rush

According to Aika’s creator, February 14 is shaping up to be her busiest day of the year, with an expected 18-hour online session to chat with fans, send out those personalised (albeit computer-generated) messages, and generally play Cupid to the lonely hearts logging on (Kittie’s creator, 2023).

Sure, it’s not the typical candlelit dinner. But for those 500 suitors vying for Aika’s affections, it’s presumably better than swiping endlessly on Tinder or braving an awkward first date. And who’s to say they’re wrong? If it brings them joy or companionship, maybe there’s a valid place for AI-driven romances – at least as a pit stop on the winding road of human connection.

An Eye on the Future

AI-generated influencers aren’t just a passing fad. Social media is morphing into a space where virtual entities can captivate massive audiences, forging real emotional ties despite lacking physical form. As technology evolves, these relationships may blur even further, especially in regions like Asia where cutting-edge tech adoption is swift and robust.

On the one hand, we might laud platforms like Fanvue for offering a safe, no-strings-attached environment for lonely people to chat without judgment. On the other hand, it’s worth questioning whether we’re gradually edging away from genuine interpersonal connections. Will a digital influencer ever be able to replicate the complexity of human love, empathy, and vulnerability?

So here’s my question for you: Is the explosive popularity of AI companions a sign that we’re solving the loneliness crisis, or have we stumbled onto a new breed of emotional disconnection disguised as digital romance? Let us know in the comments below!

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Reality Check: The Surprising Relationship Between AI and Human Perception

Why both humans and AI rely on predictive models to interpret reality—learn how this can transform your understanding of perception.

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TL;DR – What You Need to Know in 30 Seconds

  • Our brains don’t passively receive reality; they actively predict what’s coming next and then perceive that prediction as “reality.”
  • This predictive ability is a survival shortcut—faster decisions in uncertain environments mean less time fretting and fewer calories burnt.
  • AI works in a similar way—ChatGPT and other generative models also “guess the next word,” converging on a form of predictive processing.
  • Expectations shape perception—we can literally “see” different worlds depending on context, prior experiences, and biases.
  • Misalignment of predictions explains why others with opposing viewpoints might seem to inhabit an entirely different reality.

Predictive Processing for Both AI and Your Brain

Today, I’m going to take you on a mind-bending little journey that might just change how you look at… well, everything. If you’ve ever felt that your eyes play tricks on you—or that your political sparring partner simply can’t see the “real facts”—prepare for a major twist. As it turns out, the world you think you’re observing might simply be the one your brain is predicting. And it’s not just us humans at it—AI is doing something remarkably similar. Intrigued? Let’s dive straight in.

The Shocking Realisation: You See What You Predict

Most of us assume our senses faithfully relay what’s happening in the outside world. But mounting evidence from cognitive neuroscience says otherwise: we actually see (and hear, smell, taste, etc.) what our brains think we should see.

Case in point: a quirky optical illusion where the same character can look like a “3” in one context and a “B” in another. Our high-level brain centres (like the visual cortex) inform our lower-level sensory processes what to expect and effectively shape how we perceive the very same lines and curves, depending on the overall context. This fascinating concept is linked to neuroscientist Karl Friston’s predictive coding model. Essentially, your top-down predictions fill in the details of what you “see,” often before the data from your eyes arrives.

A World Jumping (or Not)

Try this quick experiment:

  1. Close your left eye.
  2. Gently push your right eyeball leftwards with your fingertip.
  3. Watch as the entire world seems to slide sideways!

Why? Because your brain didn’t command your eye muscles to move, so it didn’t “cancel out” that movement of the visual field. The upshot? If the brain isn’t expecting your retina to shift, it perceives the world as shifting instead—even though the only thing that moved was your eyeball.

The Milk-Orange Juice Shock

Even if illusions and eyeball nudges aren’t your thing, you may have had this experience: picking up a drink, expecting milk, and instead sipping orange juice. The result is so jarring that it can taste almost foul—much weirder than it would have if you’d expected OJ in the first place. Once again, mismatched prediction plus reality leads to confusion.

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Why We’re Wired for Prediction

Predictive processing isn’t just a random quirk of the brain; it’s a strategy for survival. Our ancestors needed to make rapid decisions in uncertain conditions—like whether that rustling bush was the wind or a lurking predator—and do so using limited mental and physical energy.

  • Speed: By predicting what’s likely to happen next, the brain can respond almost instantly.
  • Efficiency: The brain is an energy hog (using around 20% of the body’s energy). Predictive shortcuts help reduce this cost.
  • Adaptability: When the brain notices it’s made an error (e.g., that “leaf” is actually a camouflaged butterfly), it updates its predictions for next time.

AI as a Prediction Engine

Surprisingly (or perhaps not, given the same constraints of speed and efficiency), generative AI such as ChatGPT uses a very similar approach. It doesn’t “understand” the way humans do—it’s simply predicting the next word based on the context of all the words that came before it.

  • Pretrained Transformer (PT): The “PT” in ChatGPT refers to the method it uses to learn from vast volumes of text, forging associations rather like our brains form connections between experiences.
  • Convergent Evolution: Think of the marsupial wolf versus the canid wolf—two unrelated lineages that evolved to fill similar niches. Biological and silicon-based “brains” also converge on similar problem-solving strategies due to common pressures like speed, efficiency, and limited resources.

The Pitfalls of Predictive Perception

While our (and AI’s) predictive brains are brilliant for speed and survival, they can also lead us astray. We all know about cognitive biases, but these illusions can be even more potent when dealing with people who see the world through a different lens. If someone’s internal model of the world is shaped by divergent experiences, it’s almost as though they’re seeing a completely different reality.

  • Political Polarisation: “They must be ignoring the facts!” Actually, their predictive model might be so different that they’re literally perceiving different facts.
  • AI Hallucinations: Generative AI sometimes produces wildly incorrect statements—so-called “hallucinations”—because it’s only as accurate as its ability to predict and synthesise words. When it “misfires,” it can sound confident despite being wrong.

Final Thoughts

We might prefer to believe our eyes, but the evidence is overwhelming: both humans and AIs perceive a version of reality shaped by predictions. This realisation can be unsettling, but it can also be liberating, especially when it comes to understanding why others sometimes arrive at very different conclusions.

The next time you find yourself shaking your head in disbelief at an AI-generated error or a friend’s seemingly bonkers view on world affairs, remember: we’re all just brains (silicon or organic) navigating the murky waters of an unpredictable world with the best guesses we’ve got. The future belongs to those who can update their predictions when the evidence calls for it—and hopefully, that includes both you and me.

What Do YOU Think?

If we don’t see reality for what it truly is, does that mean we can never really trust our own eyes? Or is our brain’s tendency to shortcut reality the very reason we survive—and thrive—in a chaotic world? The debate continues!

Let’s Talk AI!

How are you preparing for the AI-driven future? What questions are you training yourself to ask? Drop your thoughts in the comments, share this with your network, and subscribe for more deep dives into AI’s impact on work, life, and everything in between.

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  • For a deeper look at how our brains can misinterpret the world around us, check out the Illusions Index; it’s packed with fascinating examples of how easily our perception can be fooled.

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